TUNAS : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi

ANALISIS FAKTOR KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI KELAS X DI SMA PANCA BUDI MEDAN

Indah Purnama Sari Dalimunthe — 2026-04-16

This study aims to determine the level of learning difficulties and factors that cause students' learning difficulties in biology class X. Descriptive research with the type of qualitative and quantitative research. The sample of this study was taken by purposive sampling as many as 62 students under KKTP 75 (not yet completed). Data collection techniques used closed questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The results showed that class X experienced a level of learning difficulties in internal factors with an average of 53%, the category was quite influential, divided into health indicators with an average of 47% of the category was quite influential, and the psychological indicators averaged 59% of the category were quite influential. In external factors with an average of 44% of the category of less influential, divided into the average family indicator of 38% of the less influential category, the average school indicator of 40% of the category and the average community indicator of 55% of the category of quite influential and factors that affect physical condition and vision, interest, intelligence and motivation, parental attention, teaching methods and relationships between students and activities between communities, mass media and associations.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN ATENSI BIOLOGI SISWA

Asy Syifa Qalbi — 2026-04-20

The decline in student attention in biology learning is a serious challenge because it has an impact on low conceptual understanding and overall learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Augmented Reality (AR) in improving students' biological attention. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing 30 articles from the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Taylor and Francis databases published between 2019–2024. The research instrument is in the form of article analysis guidelines, while the data collection technique is carried out through screening inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results of the study showed that the use of AR had a positive impact on increasing student attention both in terms of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects. The conclusion of this study states that AR is an effective medium for improving attention in biology learning. It is recommended that the development of AR content continues to be improved and supported by adequate and sustainable teacher training.

EXPLORING NIAS LOCAL WISDOM THROUGH AN ETHNOSCIENCE APPROACH AS A SCIENCE LEARNING RESOURCE IN SCHOOLS

Darmawan Harefa — 2026-04-29

This study explores the potential of Nias local wisdom as a science learning resource through an ethnoscience approach in school education. The research aims to identify forms of local knowledge embedded in Nias cultural practices and analyze their relevance to scientific concepts for integration into science learning. A qualitative ethnographic method was employed, involving in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis in selected communities in South Nias, Indonesia. The findings reveal that Nias local wisdom, such as Hombo Batu (stone jumping), traditional house construction (Omo Hada), and indigenous environmental management practices, contains implicit scientific concepts related to physics, biology, and environmental science. These cultural elements can be systematically transformed into contextual science learning resources that enhance students’ understanding and engagement. The ethnoscience approach bridges the gap between students’ cultural background and formal scientific knowledge, making learning more meaningful and relevant. The study also shows that integrating local wisdom into science education supports students’ scientific literacy, critical thinking, and cultural identity. However, challenges such as limited instructional materials and teacher readiness remain in implementing ethnoscience-based learning. Overall, this study concludes that Nias local wisdom has strong potential to enrich science education in schools when appropriately integrated through an ethnoscience framework.

PEMANFAATAN ALAT PERAGA SISTEM PENCERNAAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA PADA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

Intan Sukma Wardani — 2026-05-16

This research was conducted to address elementary school students’ understanding of the human digestive system, which cannot be directly observed. This study aims to investigate the use of digestive system teaching aids as instructional media in science learning for grade 5 students. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method supported by a review study method. The data were obtained from secondary sources based on books, scholarly journals, and related articles. Data were collected using documentation techniques, while analysis of the data was performed using content analysis, including data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data were validated through source triangulation. The results indicate that teaching aids contribute positively to students’ conceptual understanding as well as their activeness, interest, and learning motivation. Therefore, digestive system teaching aids can be considered effective in supporting the science learning process in elementary schools and improving students’ learning outcomes.

A PEMANFAATAN MEDIA GAMBAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN METAMORFOSIS HEWAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Dina Aulia Putri — 2026-06-01

This study was conducted to address the low level of elementary school students’ understanding of animal metamorphosis concepts, which require visualization to facilitate comprehension. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of picture media in teaching animal metamorphosis at the elementary school level. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data sources consisted of secondary data obtained from scientific journals, books, and articles related to the research topic. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis, including data selection, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The results of the literature review indicate that the use of picture media helps students understand the stages of animal metamorphosis more concretely, increases their attention and learning interest, and assists teachers in delivering the material effectively. Therefore, picture media has proven to be an effective tool for supporting the learning process of animal metamorphosis in elementary schools.

STUDI ETNOSAINS DAUN CYCLEA BARBATA MIERS SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR IPA SMP KELAS VIII

Septi Wulandari — 2026-06-09

This ethnoscience research aims to reconstruct the traditional knowledge of the Salatiga community (Sendang, Bringin, & KPTT) in the cultivation and processing of green grass jelly leaves (Cyclea barbata Miers) into scientific concepts, and integrate them as learning resources for Class VIII Junior High School Science on Plant Structure and Function. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with an ethnographic method through participatory observation and in-depth interviews. The research results show that grass jelly leaves grow optimally on the slopes of Merbabu-Telomoyo, are cultivated vegetatively, and are protected using refugia. Scientifically, the wisdom of picking old leaves and squeezing manually has been proven to maintain the integrity of the supporting tissue (colenchyma-sclerenchyma) of the leaf veins so that the gel texture is smooth. Gelation occurs due to the abundance of complex polysaccharides (pectin) and the activity of the PME enzyme in old grass jelly leaves, while papaya leaves do not thicken due to the dominance of the protease enzyme (papain). This reconstruction is integrated into a PjBL-based Teaching Module and LKPD to support contextual ethnopedagogy.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN PANGAN LIAR DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN ALTERNATIF DI DESA PULO RAYEUK, ACEH UTARA

Wahyu Nazila — 2026-06-20

Wild edible plants represent valuable biological resources that can support food diversification and local food security. This study aimed to identify the species of wild edible plants utilized by the community of Pulo Rayeuk Village, Tanah Luas District, North Aceh Regency, document their traditional processing methods, and analyze their role as alternative food sources. The research was conducted in April 2026 using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation involving 15 informants selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The results revealed that the local community utilizes 20 species of wild edible plants belonging to 16 plant families. The family most frequently represented was Arecaceae, with three species: Metroxylon sagu, Nypa fruticans, and Arenga pinnata. The most commonly utilized plant parts were leaves and fruits, while the predominant processing methods included boiling, stir-frying, consuming as fresh vegetables (lalapan), and eating raw. Wild edible plants serve not only as alternative food sources but also contribute to food diversification, nutritional fulfillment, and household food security. However, modernization and changing dietary patterns may reduce both the utilization of these plants and the transmission of associated local knowledge to future generations.

PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT DI DESA MEKAR MAKMUR, KECAMATAN SEI LEPAN, KABUPATEN LANGKAT: STUDI ETNOBOTANI

Deby Abelia — 2026-06-22

Ethnobotanical studies are very important to preserve local wisdom in the face of modernization. This study aimed to identify medicinal plant species utilized by the community of Mekar Makmur Village, Sei Lepan District, Langkat Regency. A quantitative descriptive method was employed through field surveys and interviews with 20 informants selected via snowball sampling. The results identified five medicinal plant species: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) for diabetes, areca nut (Areca catechu L.) for cancer prevention, turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) for digestive disorders, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) for internal heat, and soursop (Annona muricata L.) for malaria. Plant processing was carried out traditionally using fruits and leaves. The highest Use Value (UV) belonged to coconut and soursop (0.93), while noni had the lowest (0.20). These medicinal plants remain trusted and affordable treatment alternatives for the local community.