Jurnal Sapta Agrica

ANALISIS KEKERABATAN GENETIK BERBASIS KARAKTER FENOTIPE PADA BEBERAPA GALUR HARAPAN BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.)

Mukhammad Irwan Kurniadi, Adellia Rahmatika — Tue, 26 May 2026 13:41:37 +0700

The sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus L.) is widely known as a source of vegetable oil with an oil content reaching 40-50%. This research was conducted to analyze the genetic relationships of several promising sunflower lines based on their phenotypic characters. The research was carried out in Srigading Village, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, from December 2025 to March 2026. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 promising lines and 3 replications, resulting in 27 experimental units. The observed characters consisted of 11 quantitative and 5 qualitative characters. The data were analyzed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) based on Gower’s General Similarity Coefficient, as well as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results from the 9 lines using PCA were divided into two Principal Components with a cumulative diversity value of 83.03%, and the cluster analysis showed that the 9 promising lines formed 3 main clusters.

INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE (NATURAL SCIENCES), REMOTE SENSING, AND NIAS LOCAL WISDOM IN MODELING FOOD CROP PRODUCTIVITY

Darmawan Harefa — Wed, 27 May 2026 07:13:20 +0700

This study aims to develop an integrated model for food crop productivity by combining natural sciences, remote sensing technology, and Nias local wisdom in South Nias Regency, Indonesia. The agricultural sector in this region faces challenges such as low productivity, soil fertility variability, and limited access to modern agricultural monitoring systems. To address these issues, a mixed-methods approach was applied, integrating quantitative geospatial analysis and qualitative ethnographic data. Remote sensing data from Sentinel-2 and Landsat satellites were used to extract vegetation indices (NDVI) for assessing crop health and spatial productivity patterns. Soil parameters and climatic variables from natural sciences were incorporated to explain biophysical factors influencing crop growth. In addition, local wisdom practices such as organic farming, mixed cropping, and traditional planting systems were quantified into a Local Wisdom Index (LWI). The data were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems and machine learning models to generate a predictive productivity map. The results show that the integrated model significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to single-source approaches, with strong spatial consistency between vegetation health, soil fertility, and traditional farming practices. This study demonstrates that combining scientific data, geospatial technology, and indigenous knowledge provides a more holistic and sustainable framework for agricultural productivity modeling in tropical rural regions.

PENERAPAN SIKLUS PDCA PADA PEMBIBITAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) DI PEMBIBITAN UTAMA PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IV REGIONAL III KECAMATAN BUKIT KAPUR KOTA DUMAI

Arman Maulana — Tue, 23 Jun 2026 14:49:24 +0700

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a strategic plantation commodity that contributes significantly to national foreign exchange earnings. The main nursery stage is a crucial phase in ensuring the availability of high-quality seedlings before field planting. This study aimed to examine the implementation of the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle in improving the quality of oil palm seedlings, identify the challenges encountered, and formulate solutions to address these challenges at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Bukit Kapur District, Dumai City. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. The results showed that the implementation of the PDCA cycle had been carried out systematically, with an activity implementation rate of 83.33%. The main challenges included delays in the procurement of production inputs, high rainfall, and labor shortages. The solutions implemented consisted of enhanced coordination, drainage improvement, and intensive supervision. The application of the PDCA cycle proved effective in improving operational efficiency and the quality of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery.

KERUSAKAN TANAMAN JAGUNG PAKAN (ZEA MAYS L.) AKIBAT SERANGAN HAMA PADA BERBAGAI FASE PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN

Dian Agung Sanora Laia, Ridho Victory Nazara, Restu Jaya Zendrato — Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Tanaman jagung pakan (Zea mays L.) merupakan komoditas strategis yang berperan penting sebagai bahan baku utama industri pakan ternak di Indonesia. Peningkatan kebutuhan jagung pakan perlu diimbangi dengan upaya menjaga produktivitas tanaman dari gangguan organisme pengganggu tanaman, terutama hama. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kerusakan tanaman jagung pakan akibat serangan hama pada berbagai fase pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka (literature review) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui penelaahan berbagai jurnal nasional dan internasional, buku ilmiah, serta hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerusakan tanaman berbeda pada setiap fase pertumbuhan. Fase vegetatif awal merupakan fase yang paling rentan terhadap serangan hama karena jaringan tanaman masih muda dan lunak. Hama utama yang menyebabkan kerusakan adalah ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda), penggerek batang (Ostrinia furnacalis), dan ulat tongkol (Helicoverpa armigera). Pada fase vegetatif lanjut, kerusakan masih tergolong tinggi dan berdampak terhadap penurunan luas daun efektif. Sementara itu, pada fase generatif, serangan hama lebih banyak merusak organ reproduktif seperti tongkol dan biji sehingga menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil panen. Informasi mengenai tingkat kerusakan pada setiap fase pertumbuhan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam menentukan strategi pengendalian hama terpadu yang tepat, efektif, dan berkelanjutan guna meminimalkan kehilangan hasil serta meningkatkan produktivitas jagung pakan.

ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI KLOROFIL, NITROGEN, DAN KARAKTERISTIK DAUN SALAK SIDIMPUAN (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) BERDASARKAN POSISI DAUN DI KECAMATAN ANGKOLA BARAT

Jumaria Nasution, Suswati, Syahbudin Hasibuan — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:49:29 +0700

Sidimpuan salak (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) is a leading horticultural commodity in the Tapanuli region and is commonly cultivated under natural agroforestry systems beneath tree canopies. Leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents are important indicators of photosynthetic capacity and plant nutritional status, and their values may vary according to leaf position. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of chlorophyll, nitrogen, and leaf morphological characteristics of Sidimpuan salak based on leaf position (basal, middle, and apical) across three villages at different elevations, namely Sibakua Village (approximately 674 m above sea level), Hutakoje Village (approximately 550 m above sea level), and Sigumuru Village (approximately 470 m above sea level) in South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 20 sample plants were selected from each location using purposive sampling. Chlorophyll and nitrogen contents were measured using a SPAD meter at the three leaf positions, while leaf area was calculated using the formula L = l × w × k (k = 0.7), where l represents leaf length and w represents leaf width. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Location and leaf position had highly significant effects (p < 0.01) on chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, whereas their interaction was not significant. The highest chlorophyll and nitrogen contents were observed at the basal leaf position and gradually decreased toward the leaf apex. Among the study locations, the highest chlorophyll and nitrogen contents were recorded in Sigumuru, while the lowest values were found in Hutakoje. In contrast, the largest leaf area was observed in Hutakoje. The basal leaf position is therefore recommended as the most representative sampling position for assessing the chlorophyll and nitrogen status of Sidimpuan salak plants.

EFFECT OF VEGETATION ON THE DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF INSECT POLLINATORS OF SUGAR PALM (Arenga pinnata) IN SOUTH TAPANULI

Siti Hardianti Wahyuni, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Zulheri Noer — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:58:54 +0700

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is an important agroforestry commodity whose productivity depends heavily on insect-mediated pollination. Vegetation type influences pollinator availability by shaping habitat structure and resource distribution. This study aimed to analyze the effect of vegetation types on the diversity and community structure of insect pollinators of sugar palm in South Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative comparative-ecological design was applied in two vegetation types, namely secondary forest and open land. Data were collected using direct observation and sweep netting during the flowering period and analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, evenness, Simpson’s dominance index, regression, and NMDS ordination. Results showed that pollinator abundance was higher in open land, while secondary forest supported higher diversity (H’ = 2.87–3.12) and evenness, with lower dominance values. In contrast, open land was dominated by a few adaptable species. NMDS analysis indicated differences in community composition between vegetation types. Regression analysis showed a weak and non-significant relationship between abundance and diversity (r = −0.022; p > 0.05), indicating that higher abundance does not necessarily reflect higher diversity. In conclusion, vegetation complexity enhances pollinator diversity and community stability, whereas habitat openness increases abundance but reduces ecological balance. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining heterogeneous landscapes to support sustainable pollination services for Arenga pinnata.

FALL ARMYWORM BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: EVIDENCE, RESEARCH GAPS, AND IMPLEMENTATION PRIORITIES

Juniarny Waworuntu — Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Biological control is increasingly promoted for fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, but recent evidence remains dispersed from natural-enemy discovery to farmer adoption. Objective: This narrative review synthesized open-access Scopus articles indexed as 2026 publications and available through 2 July 2026, assessing evidence maturity toward implementation. Methods: Of 45 Agricultural and Biological Sciences records, 13 full texts were retrieved; 12 articles were included and synthesized thematically. Results: Parasitoids and entomopathogens showed promising controlled efficacy, but field performance varied. Combining Telenomus remus, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhabditis rainai increased larval mortality and crop performance, whereas baculovirus products underperformed synthetic insecticides. Major gaps involved multi-season validation, standardized crop and economic outcomes, ecological safety, mass production, and sustained adoption. Conclusion: Research should prioritize translating biological efficacy into reliable, measurable, and scalable management strategies.